Reply To: Sočutnost, empatija – terapevti in čustva
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ozelotSelf-compassion
Self-compassion is extending compassion to one’s self in instances of perceived inadequacy, failure, or general suffering. Neff has defined self-compassion as being composed of three main components – self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness.[1]
- Self-kindness: Self-compassion entails
being warm towards oneself when encountering pain and personal
shortcomings, rather than ignoring them or hurting oneself with
self-criticism. - Common humanity: Self-compassion also involves recognizing that
suffering and personal failure is part of the shared human experience. - Mindfulness: Self-compassion requires taking a balanced approach to
one’s negative emotions so that feelings are neither suppressed nor
exaggerated. Negative thoughts and emotions are observed with openness,
so that they are held in mindful awareness. Mindfulness is a
non-judgmental, receptive mind state in which individuals observe their
thoughts and feelings as they are, without trying to suppress or deny
them.[2]
Conversely, mindfulness requires that one not be “over-identified” with
mental or emotional phenomena, so that one suffers aversive reactions.[3] This latter type of response involves narrowly focusing and ruminating on one’s negative emotions.[4]
Much of the research conducted on self-compassion so far has used the Self-Compassion Scale,[1]
which measures the degree to which individuals display self-kindness
against self-judgment, common humanity versus isolation, and mindfulness
versus over-identification. Research indicates that self-compassionate
individuals experience greater psychological health than those who lack
self-compassion. For example, self-compassion is positively associated
with life-satisfaction, wisdom, happiness, optimism, curiosity, learning
goals, social connectedness,
personal responsibility, and emotional resilience. At the same time, it
is negatively associated with self-criticism, depression, anxiety,
rumination, thought suppression, perfectionism, and disordered eating attitudes [1][5][6][7][8][9][10]
Although psychologists extolled the benefits of self-esteem for many
years, recent research has exposed costs associated with the pursuit of
high self-esteem,[11] including narcissism,[12] distorted self-perceptions,[13] contingent and/or unstable self-worth,[14] as well as anger and violence toward those who threaten the ego.[15]
It appears that self-compassion offers the same mental health
benefits as self-esteem, but with fewer of its drawbacks such as
narcissism, ego-defensive anger, inaccurate self-perceptions, self-worth
contingency, or social comparison.[7][16]
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